Suchergebnisse

Families with children appear among both the 'traditional' and 'new' poor in Russia. On one hand, having one or more dependent household members has traditionally been recognised as an economic risk. On the other hand, working parents of young children are often among those 'employed poor' which constitute one of the specific characteristics of the Russian poverty. Family policy is constituted by both selective and universal means of social provision. It is aimed at (1) poverty relief and (2) managing social-economic risks resulting from a role conflict related to individual's duties as workers and caregivers. This study is aimed to explore the transformation of the structure of family policy provision from the early 1990s to early 2000s, expressed by changes in criteria for eligibility and levels of provision, as well as in effects on poverty levels among families with children. It will be focused on two elements of family policy - parental leave regulations and financial transfers.

This article analyzes representations of urban space by exploring city planning during the last half century in Stockholm and Leningrad/Saint Petersburg. City plans that constitute the empirical foundation of the article were enforced during the nodal points—1950s-1960s and early 2000s—of the historical development of both countries and reflect specificities of their ideological and sociopolitical heritage. Our study explores how representations of space—crystallized as ideas about goals and possibilities for spatial planning—have changed over time and how they reflect larger political, economic, and ideological transformations in Sweden and Russia. Two overarching themes are identified in our analysis. First, the ideal of equality, which dominated both the socialist and social democratic ideologies in the 1950s-1960s and provided opportunities for extensive normative control and manipulation of social life by means of a planned physical environment. Second, the ideal of the "European/global" city is distinguished in the early 2000s as a means of promoting economic development by incorporating new actors and shifting the focus to a more market-oriented approach to planning.

In this article, we explore the interaction between female and male employment, parenting responsibilities and family policy in Russia and Sweden. The study is based first on indicators of public social services, assistance for families and labour force data; and second, on the ISSP modules on Family and Changing Gender Roles (years 1994, 2002). The results show that both Sweden and Russia facilitate the `dual-earner' family model, but that Sweden places a greater emphasis on dual-caring and flexible work arrangements for women. The support for traditional gender roles was much higher and more uniform in Russia than in Sweden. The proportion of `dual-earner' and female-led families was nevertheless higher in Russia than in Sweden, especially in 1994 when major restructuring in the social and economic sphere was occurring. The findings suggest that family policy is instrumental in facilitating female employment, but does not necessarily bring changes in gender-role attitudes.

1. Introduction, Zhanna Kravchenko, Lisa Kings and Katarzyna Jezierska -- Part I. Resources as Constraints -- 2. Pecunia olet: The funding dilemma for think tanks in Poland, Katarzyna Jezierska -- 3. Domestic funding for civil society in a non-democratic context: The example of the Presidential Grants in Russia, Yulia Skokova and Christian Fröhlich -- 4.Polish human rights organizations: Resisting institutional pressures, Zhanna Kravchenko, Katarzyna Jezierska, Marta Gumkowska, Beata Charycka, and Magdalena Szafranek -- 5. . Rural community development in Sweden: From challenging to mainstream?, Anette Forsberg -- Part II. External Constraints and Facilitators of Resources- 6. From local to digital and back: E-resourcefulness among urban movements in Poland, Anna Domaradzka.-7. Between autonomy and compliance: The organizational development of Russian civil society, Vsevolod Bederson and Andrei Semenov -- 8. Navigating contemporary developments in Swedish civil society: The case of Save the Children Sweden, Lisa Kings -- 9. Humane resources? The people behind Polish civil society organizations, Galia Chimiak -- Part III. Organizations and Resources: Intertwined Transformations -- 10. Doing the right things or doing things right? Exploring the relationship between professional autonomy and resources in volunteering, Cecilia Gullberg and Noomi Weinryb -- 11. Liberty, loyalty, and solidarity. The role of transnational, national, and local resources in voluntary organizations in Russia, Zhanna Kravchenko -- 12. Resources shifting values: Online and offline resources in Swedish civil society, Håkan Johansson and Gabriella Scaramuzzino.-Chapter -- 13. St. Petersburg LGBTQI+ activists negotiating financial and symbolic resources, Pauliina Lukinmaa.-Chapter 14. Epilogue, Apostolis Papakostas.

This open access book examines how civil society organizations in Poland, Russia, and Sweden (re)act to transformations of opportunities and limitations in access to various forms of resources. The volume's contributions discuss the constraints associated with different types of resources as well as organizations' capacities to generate resources—or compensate for their lack—as they negotiate and contest barriers. The resourcefulness of civil society is revealed to be rooted in a variety of capabilities: converting resources, eliciting organizational change, and metamorphosing in response to organizational and environmental development. ​